监控系统相信大部分的电力人员都不陌生，监控系统广泛的应用于工厂，商场，写字楼，家庭中，那么监控系统是由哪些部分组成的呢？在监控系统中都有什么作用呢？

监控系统一般可以分为模拟监控系统和数字化监控系统，以前用的基本上都是模拟监控系统，现在基本上都在普及数字监控系统。下面我们以模拟监控系统为例。

全模拟视频监控系统系统主要由摄像机、视频矩阵、监视器、模拟录像机等组成，设备之间通过视频线、控制线缆等电缆连接在一起。由于系统为纯模拟方式传输，采用视频电缆(少数采用光纤)的传输距离不能太远，所以系统主要应用于小范围内的监控，如大楼监控等，监控图像一般只能在控制中心查看。

一个完整的视频监控系统可分为前端 、后端和传输端。

一，监控系统前端。

1、监控摄像机的分类和应用。

（1）：普通枪机。

zheizhongshexiangjishizuipubiandejiankongshexiangji，yejiushishuotashianzhaojiankongshexiangjidejibenzuchengjiegoulaizhizuode。zheiliyaoqiangdiaodeshijingtoudequbie。zaiqiangjishangkeyianzhuangputong、zhangjuliheguangjiaojingtou。anjingtoudebiaozhunlaishuoyi6.0mmjingtouweifenjiexian，biqixiaodeyibanweiguangjiaojingtou，jiaoduyibandayu30du。biqidadeyibanweizhangjulijingtou，juliyibanyaodayu30mi。

（2）：半球摄象机。

zheizhongshexiangjichulewaiqiaoheputongqiangjibutongyiwai，qitadebiaozhundouchabuduo。

（3）：红外摄象机。

zheizhongshexiangjijiushizaiputongshexiangjidejichushangpeihehongwaidenglaizengqiangyeshixiaoguodeshexiangji。youdeputongshexiangjideccdjiuyouganhongwaixiangongneng，duiyuzheizhongshexiangjilaishuo，zhijiejiazhuanghongwaidengjiukeyile。youdeshexiangjibenshenbuhanganhongwaixiangongneng，zheijiuxuyaoduijingtoujiayiyaoqiu，bixushikeyiganhongwaidejingtoujiahongwaidengcainengmanzuyaoqiu。

（4）：一体化摄象机 。

zheizhongshexiangjideshiyongyefeichangpinfan，tashiyizhongjiangbianjiaojingtou（fenweishoudonghezidong）heshexiangjidejibenzuchengyuanjianyiqijichengqilaideyizhongteshudejiankongshexiangji。

它一般有两种用途：

yishiyuqiuxingyuntaipeiheshiyong，yebeichengweiqiujizhongde“jixin”；

ershiyuhongwaidengzuodaoyigedadeqiaozizhong，beichengweihongwaiyitihuashexiangji。

2、控制云台。

（1）云台 。

yuntaishichengzaishexiangjijinxingshuipinghechuizhilianggefangxiangzhuandongdezhuangzhi，neizhilianggejiaoliudianji，fuzeshuipinghechuizhideyundong；shuipingzhuandongdejiaoduyibanwei350 du，chuizhizhuandongdejiaoduyibanwei75 du，erqie，shuipinghechuizhizhuandongdejiaodukeyitongguodiaojiexianweikaiguanjinxingdiaozheng。

（2）云台解码器 。

yuntaijiemaqi，shiweidaiyouyuntai、bianjiaojingtoudengkekongshebeitigongqudongdianyuanbingyukongzhishebeirujuzhenjinxingtongxundeqianduanshebei。tongchang，jiemaqikeyikongzhiyuntaideshang、xia、zuo、youxuanzhuan，bianjiaojingtoudebianjiao、jujiao、guangquanyijiduifanghuzhaoyushuaqi、shexiangjidianyuan、dengguangdengshebeidekongzhi，haikeyitigongruogangefuzhugongnengkaiguan，yimanzubutongnenggouyonghudeshijixuyao。

3、视频服务器 。

shipinfuwuqizhuyaofuzejiankongwangluodeshujuxinxiguanlihewangluokehushouquandeng。shipinfuwuqishiyouyigehuoduogemonishipinshurukou、tuxiangshuzichuliqi、yasuoxinpianheyigejuyouwangluolianjiegongnengdeshipinshuzichuliqisuogoucheng。shipinfuwuqijiangshurudemonishipinxinhaoshuzihuachulihou，yishuzixinhaodemoshichuansongzhiwangluoshang，congershixianyuanchengshishijiankongdemude。

二、监控系统后端

1、硬盘录像机 。

yingpanluxiangji（digitalvideorecorder，dvr）tashiyitaojinxingtuxiangcunchuchulidejisuanjixitong，juyouduituxiang/yuyinjinxingzhangshijianluxiang、luyin、yuanchengjianshihekongzhidegongneng，dvrjiheleluxiangji、huamianfengeqi、yuntaijingtoukongzhi、baojingkongzhi、wangluochuanshudengwuzhonggongnengyuyishen，yongyitaishebeijiunengqudaimonijiankongxitongyidaduishebeidegongneng，erqiezaijiageshangyezhujianzhanyouyoushi。dvrcaiyongdeshishuzijilujishu，zaituxiangchuli、tuxiangchucun、jiansuo、beifen、yijiwangluochuandi、yuanchengkongzhidengfangmianyeyuanyuanyouyumonijiankongshebei，dvrdaibiaoledianshijiankongxitongdefazhanfangxiang，shimuqianshimianshangdianshijiankongxitongdeshouxuanchanpin。

2、视频矩阵 。

jiangshipintuxiangcongrenyiyigeshurutongdaoqiehuandaorenyiyigeshuchutongdaoxianshi。yibanlaijiang,yigem×njuzhen：biaoshitakeyitongshizhichimlutuxiangshuruhenlutuxiangshuchu。zheilixuyaoqiangdiaodeshibixuyaozuodaorenyi，jirenyideyigeshuruherenyideyigeshuchu。

3、显示设备 。

shipincaijikadexianshijiushizaidiannaoxianshiqishangmian，yingpanluxiangjideyouliangzhongjiekou，keyijiedianshijiheyejingxianshiqi。 pinjieping，xianshiqi，jianshiqideng

4、控制设备 。

kongzhishebeiyongyukongzhishexiangji、duohuamianqiehuan、luxiang、paizhaodeng。suoyoukekongshexiangjidoukeyizaidakaichuangkouhuamianshanganxiashubiaoyoujianjinxingkongzhi，yekexuanzeyoucedeanniujinxingkongzhi。jutiyoudengguangkaiguan、jingtoubianjinbianbeiyuan、jujiaojinjujiaoyuan、yushuakaiguan、dakai/guanbishuangxiangyuyinduijiang、fangxiangkongzhidenggongneng

三、传输端 。

1，光光纤视频线。

（1）多模光纤。

duomoguangxian(multi mode fiber)：zhongxinbolixinjiaocu(50huo62.5μm)，kechuanduozhongmoshideguang。danqimojiansesanjiaoda，zheijiuxianzhilechuanshushuzixinhaodepinlv，erqiesuijulidezengjiahuigengjiayanzhong。yinci，duomoguangxianchuanshudejulijiubijiaojin，yibanzhiyoujigongli。

（2）单模光纤。

danmoguangxian(single mode fiber)：zhongxinbolixinhenxi(xinjingyibanwei9huo10μm)，zhinengchuanyizhongmoshideguang。yinci，qimojiansesanhenxiao，shiyongyuyuanchengtongxun，wendingxingyaohao。danmoguanglanchuanshujuliyaozhangyixie，lilunnengdadao120gongli（zhuyaohaishikanshebei，muqiandeguangdianzhuanhuanshebeidaduoshuzhizuodao120gongliyixia），erduomoguanglandechuanshujulizhiyou2gongli。

2、光端机 。

（1）光端机的工作原理

guangduanjishiyonglaijiangguangxinhaohedianxinhaohuxiangzhuanhuandeyizhongshebei,taduisuochuanxinhaobuhuijinxingrenheyasuo. tadezuoyongzhuyaojiushishixiandian-guangheguang-dianzhuanhuan。

（2）光端机的典型物理接口如下：

BNC接口：bncjiekoushizhitongzhoudianlanjiekou，bncjiekouyongyu75outongzhoudianlanlianjieyong，tigongshou（rx）、fa（tx）lianggetongdao，tayongyufeipinghengxinhaodelianjie。 guangxianjiekou

光纤接口：shiyonglailianjieguangxianxianlandewulijiekou。tongchangyousc、st、fcdengjizhongleixing。

RS-485通信接口 ：rs-485caiyongpinghengfasonghechafenjieshoufangshishixiantongxin：fasongduanjiangchuanxingkoudettldianpingxinhaozhuanhuanchengchafenxinhaoa,blianglushuchu，jingguoxianlanchuanshuzhihouzaijieshouduanjiangchafenxinhaohaiyuanchengttldianpingxinhao。youyuchuanshuxiantongchangshiyongshuangjiaoxian，youshichafenchuanshu，suoyiyoujiqiangdekanggongmoganraodenengli，zongxianshoufaqilingminduhengao，keyijiancedaodizhi200mvdianya。guchuanshuxinhaozaiqianmizhiwaidoushikeyihuifu。rs-485zuidadetongxinjuliyuewei1219m，zuidachuanshusulvwei10mb/s，chuanshusulvyuchuanshujulichengfanbi，zai100kb/sdechuanshusulvxia，keyidadaozuidadetongxinjuli。

3、光缆终端盒 。

guanglanzhongduanhezhuyaoyongyuguanglanzhongduandeguding，guanglanyuweixianderongjiejiyuxiandeshouronghebaohu。zhongduanheshiguanglandeduantoujierudedifang，ranhoutongguoguangtiaoxianjieruguangjiaohuanji。yinci，zhongduanhetongchangshianzhuangzaijijiashangde，keyirongnaguanglanduantoudeshuliangbijiaoduo。